Farmers across the country grow a wide variety of crops, but not all crops fall into the same category. Many people recognize large commodity crops, such as corn, wheat, and soybeans, because they dominate agricultural landscapes.

However, another important category called specialty crops plays a major role in local food systems and regional economies. These crops often support smaller farms, farmers markets, and diverse agricultural businesses. But what are specialty crops and why do they matter? Let’s explore.

What Counts as a Specialty Crop

Specialty crops include fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and horticultural plants, such as flowers and nursery crops. Unlike commodity crops, specialty crops often require more hands-on care, harvesting attention, and direct marketing. Farmers typically grow them on smaller acreage but focus heavily on quality and freshness.

These crops often supply farmers markets, local grocery stores, and farm-to-table restaurants. Apples, berries, onions, potatoes, herbs, and greenhouse vegetables all fall into this category. Growers often select varieties that thrive in specific climates or appeal to local customers.

Specialty Crops Support Local Agriculture

Specialty crops play a considerable role in strengthening local food systems. Farmers who grow these crops often sell directly to nearby communities, which keeps food dollars circulating within the region. Local production also reduces the distance food travels from farm to table.

In areas like Western Wyoming and Eastern Idaho, specialty crops diversify agriculture beyond traditional livestock or grain operations. Diversification can protect farms from market swings and weather-related challenges. It also creates new opportunities for family farms and beginners.

Farmers across the country experiment with different growing strategies to make these crops successful. Conversations about organic and specialty crop farming in Iowa often highlight how farmers adapt production techniques to fit local soil conditions, weather patterns, and consumer demand. These lessons inspire growers in other regions who want to explore similar approaches.

Common Examples of Specialty Crops

Many different crops fall under the specialty category, and farmers often choose them based on climate and market demand. Some crops grow well in cooler mountain climates, while others thrive in warmer valleys. Local farmers may experiment with several varieties before finding the best fit for their land.

Here are several examples of commonly grown specialty crops:

• Apples, cherries, and other orchard fruits
• Leafy greens, such as spinach, kale, and lettuce
• Root vegetables like carrots, onions, and beets
• Berries including raspberries, strawberries, and blueberries
• Culinary herbs, such as basil, thyme, and rosemary

These crops often appear at roadside stands, community markets, and farm-share programs. Their freshness and flavor attract customers who value locally grown food.

Economic and Community Benefits

Specialty crops often support small and mid-sized farms that focus on direct sales. Farmers can sell through farmers markets, community-supported agriculture programs, and local grocery partnerships. These sales channels keep farms profitable without relying entirely on large commodity markets.

Local food production also strengthens community connections. Residents often enjoy meeting the farmers who grow their food and learning how crops reach the market. Schools, restaurants, and local events frequently highlight locally grown produce.

As communities across the West continue to support local agriculture, specialty crops will likely grow in importance. Farmers who experiment with these crops often discover new ways to serve their communities and protect their land. With the right planning and local support, specialty crop production can remain a strong part of regional agriculture for years to come.